![causality. causality.](http://www.cambridgeblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/xasRyhVLKfjndP9lFtr4d0s7zoXe-3wh81W0U_VlOm4.jpeg)
‘The design of this study was descriptive, and a descriptive study cannot produce valid interpretations of causality.’.‘But is the link between knowledge and economic structure really one of causality?’.‘The removal experiment confirmed the causality in this relationship between female presence and hatching success.’.‘However, it should be noted that these data are correlational, thus causality cannot be assumed.’.
Causality. trial#
![causality. causality.](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/y_leHGTm55Y/hqdefault.jpg)